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Publishing Corner: Indian Community: Science & Wonder Indian Heros: California Indian Art: CALIE Library: Academic Financial Aid: Tribal Governments: Indian Gaming: |
CHIEF VICTORIANO Last Hereditary Chief of Soboba Band of Luiseño Indians Victoriano (Kwe-vish Quishish) was an influential 19th century tribal leader and signatory of the Temecula Treaty of 1852. He also took his people to the Soboba Indian Reservation to protect them from the newcomers. Victoriano was known as “Standing Bear” in Indian country.
Victoriano was close to Helen Hunt Jackson and advised her on Indigenous culture and history. There is no written history about Chief Victoriano’s death, but his legacy is alive today in the people he served. WHY ARE THE CHIEF'S EYES CLOSED IN THIS OLD 19th CENTURY PHOTOGRAPH? Webmaster's note: A lot of old photos were taken with the subject's eyes closed. Why? (It's not a simple blink). Cameras in the 1800s and early 1900s commonly needed exposure times of 5-20 seconds (even in good lighting) to properly expose the crude film of the period. Photographers used the lens cap as a shutterspeed to control exposure time. In other words, the subject would have to remain PERFECTLY still during the long exposure, if their eyeballs moved at all, they would white out and make them look like spirits or ghosts. I can imagine the first of many portraits began with a few "safe" eyes closed exposures -- it's how I would do it using 5- to 20-second exposures -- because it is nearly impossible to get proper natural fixed eyes and expressions at those shutter speeds.... SOURCES and more research: posted by Ernie C. Salgado Jr., Soboba, courtesy "The Indian Reporter". Compiled & presented by G. BALLARD for www.calie.org. |
The Chief came from a very powerful family that gave rise to 
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